Topics:

"International Terrorism and Covert State Funding" and "Chemical and Biological Weapons, Truly Banned or Just Quietly Hidden"  

Topic Summary: 

Topic A:

There are many dangers across the globe, such as terrorism, which deliberately aims to affect power structures on a global or wide regional scale, such as international terrorism and covert state funding. International terrorism refers to terrorist acts that cross national borders in their targets or operational bases. It involves violent acts intended to create fear, coerce governments or populations, and achieve political, ideological, or religious goals. This type of terrorism deliberately aims to affect power structures on a global or wide regional scale. Covert state funding involves secret logistical, financial, or material support for states to provide to terrorist groups, furthering strategic interests. Such sponsorships help terrorist groups sustain operations, recruit members, and carry out attacks, making them more resilient and capable. In relation to international terrorism, these funds assist in addressing the dangers posed by it.

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Topic B:

Chemical and biological weapons remain a longstanding global threat and require urgent action to prohibit them. Chemical weapons are any type of munition device specifically designed to inflict harm or cause death through the release of toxic chemicals. Since World War I, chemical weapons have caused more than one million casualties, leading to public outrage and the establishment of the Geneva Protocol, which prohibited the use of chemical weapons in warfare in 1925. Conversely, biological weapons disseminate disease-causing organisms or toxins to harm or kill humans, animals, or plants. After several incidents regarding chemical weapons, the international community banned their use and strengthened the ban in 1972. By 1993, the development, transfer, and stockpiling of these substances were prohibited. Some countries, like Syria, Russia, and Iraq, have been suspected or directly accused of illegally using them.